Scientists used 3D printing technology to create individual models of heart valves. They imitate the physiological properties of these heart valves. The scientists say that their invention will increase the success of transcatheter implantation of aortic valves and will avoid complications such as perivalvular leakage.

A new study conducted at the University of Hanover, has shown that mineral water can be as an alternative to dairy products. It can satisfy the body's need for calcium. It is important that water is not as high in calories as dairy products, Zee News reports.

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that affects the nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord. A new study conducted at the Oregon University of Health and Science has found that lipoic acid, which has antioxidant properties, can significantly improve the quality of life of people suffering from multiple sclerosis.

Scientists have made unexpected conclusions about arthritis. As it turned out a genetic mutation that increases the risk of arthritis was found. According to India Today, it appeared in the Ice Age and protected our ancestors from frostbite. Approximately half of Europeans have a variant of this GDF5 gene. It doubles the risk of arthritis development and takes about 1 centimeter in growth. The Africans have less of this variant. It was also identified in Neanderthals and Denisovan.

American scientists from the University of Texas made a breakthrough in the treatment of type 1 diabetes. According to News.com.au, they used a virus-deliverer introducing special genes. These genes are responsible for the production of insulin in the pancreas. The virus loaded with these genes was successfully tested in mice.

Previous studies have shown that Parkinson's disease is associated with hypertension. In addition, scientists said that some drugs lowering blood pressure, reduce the risk of Parkinson's disease. Experts from Great Britain and Italy have decided to find out whether the markers of Parkinson's disease are different in people with hypertension and without it, Zee News reports.

Some believe that IVF is associated with decreased intelligence in children. However, experts from India say that children, conceived by means of reproductive technologies including IVF, have no differences in their level of cognitive development compared to those children who were conceived naturally, The Indian Express reports.

Specialists from the University of South Florida have carried out a study in mice. The researchers have found that CyP40 enzyme protected the neurons of the experimental animals. It also relieved rodents of cognitive impairment and disintegrated the alpha-synuclein protein deposits associated with Parkinson's disease, Zee News reports.

A new study performed by the scientists of Helmholtz Munich Center has shown that infections occurred during the first year of life may cause celiac disease (gluten intolerance) at a later age. Most of all, the risk is increased due to GI infections, Zee News reports.

Scientists from the Columbia University Medical Center have confirmed the hypothesis that in Parkinson's disease, the body's immune system attacks its own healthy tissues. So, probably, the drugs that suppress immunity might help people suffering from Parkinson's disease, Zee News reports.